General description

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) represents a distinct tumor entity that exhibits heterogeneous epidemiological patterns across age groups. The age distribution shows a bimodal pattern, with the median age at diagnosis being approximately 9 years in pediatric patients and 33 years in adult patients. While historically considered predominantly pediatric tumors, recent cohort studies demonstrate that adult cases comprise 57.3% of all H3 K27M-mutant DMGs, with 34.8% of patients being over 30 years of age. The overall male-to-female ratio is approximately 1.2:1, though this varies by age group, with adult patients showing a slight male predominance while pediatric patients demonstrate a slight female predominance. The oldest reported patient with H3 K27M-mutant DMG was 81 years of age.

References

1. Zheng, Linmao, et al. "Diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation in adults and children: a retrospective series of 164 cases." The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 46.6 (2022): 863-871.
2. Vuong, Huy Gia, et al. "Prognostic implication of patient age in H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas." Frontiers in Oncology 12 (2022): 858148.
3. Schulte, Jessica D., et al. "Clinical, radiologic, and genetic characteristics of histone H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in adults." Neuro-oncology advances 2.1 (2020): vdaa142.